Bisoctrizole is an organic UV absorber that belongs to the hydroxyl phenyl class of benzotriazole ultraviolet stabilisers. It is commonly used in sunscreen products due to its photostability and ability to effectively absorb a broad spectrum of UV radiation. It is also known to be non-mutagenic and non-estrogenic, making it a suitable choice for stabilisation purposes.

Effect of Bisoctrizole on Ultraviolet (UV) Absorption Properties

In this study, bisoctrizole was used as an additive for maxillofacial silicone for the first time. The study aimed to assess the effect of adding bisoctrizole on the ultraviolet absorption property of maxillofacial silicone. It also investigated whether this property would remain intact after subjecting the material to artificial weathering. Additionally, the study examined the impact of bisoctrizole addition on the surface roughness of the silicone as a secondary objective. Initially, the silicone base and bisoctrizole powder were combined and mixed for a total of 10 minutes. Mixing was conducted during the first 3 minutes without applying a vacuum, while the remaining 7 minutes involved mixing under vacuum conditions. For the UV absorbance test mixture, which required coloured specimens, the burnt sienna pigment was added along with the base and bisoctrizole before initiating the mixing process. Subsequently, the mixture was allowed to cool for 5 minutes, followed by the addition of the catalyst, and mixed for an additional 5 minutes under vacuum.[1]

The results indicated that the addition of bisoctrizole significantly increased the UV absorption properties of the silicone elastomer compared with the control group at all time points. However, there were no significant differences in UV absorption properties between group 1B and group 2B, suggesting that a 1% or 2% wt. bisoctrizole had similar effects on UV absorption capacity. SEM images showed a mostly uniform distribution of particles, although some aggregation was observed in the presence of bisoctrizole. The inclusion of bisoctrizole in the silicone material resulted in increased UV absorption capacity. Notably, this property remained high even after exposure to artificial weathering. This is attributed to bisoctrizole’s photostability, which allows it to maintain its effectiveness over time without significant degradation when exposed to light. By absorbing ultraviolet photon energy, bisoctrizole converts it into less harmful forms, such as heat, through reversible electron movement within its molecular structure. Bisoctrizole’s structure, which includes a phenolic group attached to the benzotriazole structure, enables it to absorb the full spectrum of ultraviolet light, including UVA and UVB. The incorporation of bisoctrizole into VST-50 maxillofacial silicone elastomer effectively increased UV absorption and formed a highly significant difference after addition.

Organic Triazole Based Ligands as Potential Inhibitory Drug

With the ready availability of the macromolecular structures of coronavirus and its known variants, the search for anti-SARS-CoV-2 therapeutics through in silico analysis has become a highly promising field of research. The results showed that four candidates (Bemcentinib, Bisoctrizole, PYIITM, and NIPFC) had high binding affinity values and had the potential to interrupt the main protease (Mpro) activities of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. In terms of highest binding energy, the other three potent organic triazole based compounds were Bisoctrizole (DB11262), PYIITM (DB07213), and NIPFC (DB07020). Bisoctrizole (DB11262 is a benzotriazole-based organic molecule that absorbs, reflects, and scatters both UV-A and UV-B rays) showed ?9 kcal/mol binding energy against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro .[2]

The interaction study showed two hydrogen bonds with Mpro residues, Cys44 and Gln189. Bisoctrizole also showed one unfavorable donor-donor interaction with residue Thr25 and one hydrophobic interaction (Pi-Alkyl) with Leu50. PYIITM (DB07213) and NIPFC (DB07020) satisfied all the Lipinski rule parameters. Whereas the other two compounds, Bemcentinib (DB12411) and Bisoctrizole (DB11262), violated two Lipinski rules, previous studies suggested that, with two violations, compounds could be used as orally active antiviral agents. The results indicate that the Bisoctrizole (DB11262), PYIITM (DB07213), and Bemcentinib (DB12411) will be metabolized by the action of the cytochrome enzymes. On the other hand, NIPFC (DB07020) will not be metabolized by the cytochrome enzymes due to its inhibitory nature against all cytochrome enzymes. Bemcentinib (DB12411) showed moderate inhibition (CYP2C19, CYP3A4) of the cytochrome enzymes, whereas Bisoctrizole (DB11262) showed non-inhibitory properties against all enzymes.

References

[1]Ahmed, Widyan Abbas, and Bayan Saleem Khalaf. “Effect of Bisoctrizole on Ultraviolet (UV) Absorption Properties of Silicone and Effect on Surface Roughness - An In Vitro Study.” Indian journal of dental research : official publication of Indian Society for Dental Research vol. 35,2 (2024): 211-215. doi:10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_703_23

[2]Sur VP, Sen MK, Komrskova K. In Silico Identification and Validation of Organic Triazole Based Ligands as Potential Inhibitory Drug Compounds of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. Molecules. 2021 Oct 14;26(20):6199. doi: 10.3390/molecules26206199. PMID: 34684780; PMCID: PMC8541586.