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     All lanes use the Antibody at 1:1K dilution for 1 hour at room temperature.    

  
  

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     Western blot analysis of IL4 expression in human tonsil lysate.    

  
  

**Background of IL-4 Antibodies**

Interleukin-4 (IL-4) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced primarily by activated T-helper 2 (Th2) cells, mast cells, and basophils. It plays a central role in regulating adaptive immunity by promoting Th2 differentiation, B-cell class switching to IgE/IgG4. and alternative activation of macrophages. IL-4 signals through the IL-4 receptor complex (IL-4Rα paired with either γc or IL-13Rα1), activating downstream pathways like JAK-STAT, which drive pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses depending on context. Dysregulated IL-4 signaling is implicated in allergic diseases (e.g., asthma, atopic dermatitis), fibrosis, and certain cancers.

IL-4 antibodies are therapeutic or research tools designed to neutralize IL-4 or block its receptor interactions. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) like dupilumab (anti-IL-4Rα) have been approved for treating Th2-driven conditions by inhibiting IL-4 and IL-13 signaling. These biologics reduce eosinophilic inflammation, IgE production, and tissue remodeling. Other investigational IL-4-targeting antibodies aim to modulate tumor microenvironments or autoimmune disorders by disrupting IL-4-mediated immune suppression or promoting anti-tumor immunity.

Despite their efficacy, challenges remain, including patient variability in response and potential side effects from broad immunosuppression. Ongoing research focuses on optimizing IL-4 antibody specificity, combination therapies, and biomarkers for personalized treatment in diverse IL-4-associated pathologies.