Interleukin-17D (IL-17D), a member of the IL-17 cytokine family, plays a role in immune regulation and inflammatory responses. Unlike other IL-17 family members (e.g., IL-17A/F), IL-17D is less characterized but shares structural homology, including conserved cysteine residues critical for receptor binding. It is expressed in epithelial and stromal cells, with emerging evidence linking it to antiviral defense, cancer immunity, and autoimmune diseases. IL-17D signals through a receptor complex involving IL-17RA and possibly other co-receptors, activating pathways like NF-κB to induce pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines.
IL-17D-specific antibodies are tools developed to study its biological functions and therapeutic potential. These antibodies, typically monoclonal, enable detection of IL-17D in tissues or serum via techniques like ELISA, Western blot, or immunohistochemistry. Neutralizing antibodies, which block IL-17D-receptor interactions, are used in preclinical models to explore its role in disease contexts. For instance, studies suggest IL-17D may promote tumor suppression by recruiting NK cells, while its overexpression in chronic inflammation could exacerbate pathology. Challenges remain in understanding its dual roles and receptor specificity, necessitating highly selective antibodies to avoid cross-reactivity with other IL-17 isoforms. Current research focuses on leveraging IL-17D antibodies for diagnostic or therapeutic applications, though clinical translation requires further validation of safety and efficacy. Overall, IL-17D antibodies are pivotal in unraveling the cytokine’s complex roles in immunity and disease.