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     The image is immunohistochemistry of paraffin-embedded Human liver cancer tissue using P07868(APOBEC4 Antibody) at dilution 1/20. (Original magnification: ×200)    

  
  

APOBEC4 (apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 4) is a member of the APOBEC family of cytidine deaminases, which are broadly involved in RNA or DNA editing processes. While other APOBEC proteins, such as APOBEC3 and AID (activation-induced deaminase), are well-characterized for their roles in antiviral defense, antibody diversification, and genome stability, APOBEC4 remains less understood. It shares structural features with the family, including conserved zinc-coordinating motifs critical for catalytic activity, but its biological functions and substrates are still under investigation.

Initial studies suggest APOBEC4 may contribute to DNA repair or recombination pathways, potentially interacting with genomic DNA or RNA in germ cells or somatic tissues. Unlike APOBEC3 enzymes, which restrict retroelements and viruses like HIV, APOBEC4 shows no strong antiviral activity in current models. Its expression appears restricted, with low levels detected in the testis and certain cancers, hinting at tissue-specific roles. However, conflicting reports and limited functional data necessitate further validation.

Antibodies targeting APOBEC4 have been developed primarily as research tools to study its expression patterns, subcellular localization, and interactions. These reagents enable detection via Western blot, immunohistochemistry, or immunofluorescence, aiding in mapping its tissue distribution and potential involvement in diseases like cancer or infertility. Challenges persist in distinguishing APOBEC4 from homologous family members due to sequence similarities, emphasizing the need for highly specific antibodies. Ongoing research aims to clarify APOBEC4's physiological significance, catalytic targets, and pathological implications, which could unlock therapeutic or diagnostic applications.