The ENO1 antibody targets alpha-enolase (ENO1), a glycolytic enzyme encoded by the *ENO1* gene. ENO1 catalyzes the conversion of 2-phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate in glycolysis but also exhibits non-glycolytic functions, including roles in hypoxia response, RNA binding, and extracellular matrix interactions. Dysregulation of ENO1 is linked to cancer progression, autoimmune disorders, and inflammatory diseases. In cancers such as lung, breast, and pancreatic adenocarcinoma, ENO1 is often overexpressed, promoting tumor growth, metastasis, and immune evasion. Antibodies against ENO1 are thus valuable tools for studying its oncogenic mechanisms and potential as a therapeutic target or biomarker.
In autoimmune contexts, anti-ENO1 autoantibodies are implicated in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus, where they contribute to tissue damage by cross-reacting with human antigens. ENO1 antibodies are also utilized in research to investigate its dual localization (cytosolic, cell-surface, or secreted forms) and interactions with plasminogen or extracellular proteins. Commercially available ENO1 antibodies (polyclonal/monoclonal) are widely used in techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. However, specificity challenges may arise due to ENO1's homology with other enolase isoforms (e.g., ENO2/ENO3). Ongoing studies aim to refine antibody validation and explore therapeutic applications, including antibody-drug conjugates or immune checkpoint modulation.