MMP26. also known as matrilysin-2. is a member of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family, which plays critical roles in extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling, tissue repair, and disease progression. Unlike many MMPs, MMP26 is expressed as a zymogen with weak proteolytic activity but can be activated through interactions with other proteases or environmental factors. It shares structural similarities with MMP7 (matrilysin-1) but exhibits distinct substrate specificity, targeting components like fibronectin, gelatin, and α1-proteinase inhibitor.
MMP26 is implicated in both physiological and pathological processes. It is highly expressed in reproductive tissues, such as the uterus and placenta, suggesting roles in menstruation, embryo implantation, and pregnancy. However, dysregulated MMP26 expression has been observed in cancers, including endometrial, prostate, and lung carcinomas, where it may promote tumor invasion, angiogenesis, and immune evasion by modulating ECM integrity and cytokine activity.
Antibodies against MMP26 are essential tools for detecting its expression, localization, and activity in research. They enable studies on its regulatory mechanisms, interaction networks, and potential as a diagnostic or prognostic biomarker. Commercial MMP26 antibodies are typically validated for techniques like Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and ELISA. Despite progress, the precise biological functions of MMP26 remain under investigation, partly due to its low abundance and context-dependent activity. Ongoing research aims to clarify its dual roles in tissue homeostasis and disease, highlighting its therapeutic targeting potential.