ペンタボラン（９） 化學(xué)特性,用途語,生産方法
解説
【Ⅰ】nido-ペンタボラン(9)：B5H9(63.13)．B2H6と H2 との混合気體を高溫で反応させた後，冷卻固化分離すると得られる．この方法は，ロケット燃料などの製造過程として過去に工業(yè)化された．現(xiàn)在では，テトラヒドロホウ酸塩が量産化されたので，これを原料として常溫でいくつかの経路で合成されている．無色の液體．正八面體の1頂點(diǎn)を欠いた四角すいのnido-型である．B1-B21.7?，B2-B31.8?，B1-H末端約1.2?，B2-H(B…H…B架橋)約1.35?．融點(diǎn)－46.8 ℃，沸點(diǎn)60 ℃．空気に觸れると発火する．無酸素狀態(tài)では室溫で熱的に安定で，150 ℃ で徐々に分解がはじまる．水とも長く煮沸して分解が起こる．NH3と反応して[(NH3)2BH2][B4H7]となる．単體ハロゲンと反応して，1-XB4H8(X ＝ Cl，Br，I)となる．ルイス塩基共存下，アルキンと反応してカルバボランをつくる．アルカリ金屬水素化物，アルキルリチウムなどと反応させるとB5H8－を生じ，これからさらにB10H14，メタラカルバボラン，μ-Hg(C5H8)2などを合成しうる．ほかのボランクラスター，カルバボラン，メタラボランなどの製造原料に用いられる．[CAS 19624-22-7]
"【Ⅱ】arachno-ペンタボラン(11)：B5H11(65.14)．B2H6を加圧，加熱して反応させるか，MBH4とB2H6とを反応させると得られる．無色の液體．五角両すいから，2頂點(diǎn)を欠いたarachno-型である．B1-B21.77 ?，B1-B31.73?，B2-B31.75 ?，B3-B41.77?．融點(diǎn)－122 ℃，沸點(diǎn)65 ℃．空気に觸れると発火する．密閉器中，室溫でも不安定で分解する．水で分解してB4H10，H2 およびホウ酸になる．エチレンと反応してエチルペンタボラン(11)に，CO，PF3とそれぞれ反応してB4H8CO，B4H8PF3となる．[CAS 18433-84-6]
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森北出版「化學(xué)辭典（第2版）
用途
火薬,爆薬
説明
Pentaborane is a nonmetallic, colorless liquid with a pungent odor. It decomposes at 300°F (148°C), if it has not already ignited, and will ignite spontaneously in air if impure. It is a dangerous fire and explosion risk, with a flammable range of 0.46%–98% in air. Boiling point is 145°F (64°C), flash point is 86°F (30°C), and ignition temperature is 95°F (35°C), which is extremely low. Any object that is 95°F (35°C) or above can be an ignition source. Ignition sources can be ordinary objects on a hot day in the summer, such as the pavement, metal on vehicles, and even the air. In addition to extreme flammability, it is also toxic by ingestion or inhalation and is a strong irritant. TLV is 0.005 ppm in air, and it is immiscible in water. The four-digit UN identification number is 1380. The NFPA 704 designation for pentaborane is health 4, flammability 4, and reactivity 2. The primary uses are as fuel for air-breathing engines and as a propellant.
化學(xué)的特性
Pentaborane is a colorless, volatile liquid.
Unpleasant, sweetish odor, like sour milk. The Odor
Threshold is 0.8 ppm.
使用
There appears to be no commercial market for pentaborane.
In the 1950s it was explored as a potential rocket fuel.
製造方法
Pentaborane is obtained by passing diborane through a hot tube. Careful control of temperature, pressure, and flow are required to obtain
good yields and avoid further pyrolysis to higher
hydrides.
一般的な説明
A clear colorless liquid with a pungent odor like sour milk, and flammable.It is corrosive to natural rubber, some synthetic rubber, some greases, and some lubricants and gives off irritating or toxic fumes (or gases) in a fire. It reacts violently with fire. Pentaboron nonahydride incompatible with strong oxidants such as chromium anhydride, chlorate and potassium permanganate, and other contacts. Vapors toxic both under prolonged exposure to low concentrations and short exposure to high concentrations. Density 0.61 g / cm3. Under prolonged exposure to intense heat the containers may rupture violently and rocket.
空気と水の反応
Highly flammable. May ignite spontaneously in air [Merck 11th ed. 1989]. Slowly decomposes in water.
反応プロフィール
Pentaborane is an extremely reactive reducing agent. Can ignite spontaneously in contact with air and many other materials. Reactions with oxygen are often violently explosive. Reacts with ammonia to form a diammoniate. Is stabilized by the formation of complexes with N, O, P, or S. Is stable in hydrocarbon solvents, but forms shock sensitive solutions in most carbonyl containing solvents.
健康ハザード
May cause death or permanent injury after very short exposure to small quantities.
火災(zāi)危険
Ignites spontaneously in air. Reacts violently with halogenated extinguishing agents. Boron hydrides present considerable fire and explosion hazard. They undergo explosive reaction with most oxidizing agents, including halogenated hydrocarbons. Fires tend to reignite. On decomposition, Pentaborane emits toxic fumes and can react vigorously with oxidizing materials. Avoid dimethyl sulfoxide, water, most oxidizing agents (including halogenated hydrocarbons). Avoid direct sunlight and sources of ignition, decomposes very slowly at 302. Hazardous polymerization may not occur.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by inhalation and intraperitoneal routes. Dangerous fire hazard by chemical reaction; spontaneously flammable in air. Dangerous explosion hazard. To fight fire, use special fire-fighting materials; water is not effective; reacts violently with halogenated extinguishing agents. Get instructions from supplier. Explosive reaction with oxygen. Forms shock-sensitive solutions in solvents containing carbonyl, ether, or ester functions; or halogens. Incompatible with dimethyl sulfoxide. Upon decomposition it emits toxic fumes of B. See also BORANES and BORON COMPOUNDS
職業(yè)ばく露
Pentaborane is used in rocket propellants
and in gasoline additives.
輸送方法
UN1380 Pentaborane, Hazard Class: 4.2; Labels:
4.2-Spontaneously combustible material, 6.1-Poisonous
materials. Inhalation Hazard Zone A.
不和合性
Pentaborane is an extremely reactive
reducing agent. It can ignite spontaneously in contact with
air and many other materials. Reactions with oxygen are
often violently explosive. Reacts with ammonia to form
a diammoniate. Reacts on contact with water, oxidizers,
halogens, including halogenated hydrocarbons. May sel-heat
and ignite spontaneously in moist air, decomposes @ 150C.
Hydrolyzes slowly with heat in water to form boric acid.
Contact with solvents, such as ketones, ethers and esters form
shock-sensitive compounds. Pentaborane is stable in hydrocarbon
solvents, but forms shock sensitive solutions in most
carbonyl containing solvents. Corrosive to natural rubber,
some synthetic rubbers and to some lubricants. Avoid
dimethyl sulfoxide, direct sunlight and sources of ignition.
廃棄物の処理
Incineration with aqueous
scrubbing of exhaust gases to remove B2O3 particulates.
ペンタボラン（９） 上流と下流の製品情報(bào)
原材料
準(zhǔn)備製品